Topics included in the test This outline is for the regular SCH4U students not the TOPS program
This outline is for last semester students NOT this semester
- Definition of solubility and molar solubility
- Difference between saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions
- Difference between dilute and concentrated solutions
- Difference between soluble ionic compounds and sparingly soluble ionic compounds.
- How can you determine if the given solution is saturated or unsaturated?
- What are the conditions for precipitation of an ionic compound from its solution?
- Distinguish between Qsp and Ksp, what do they represent?
- How can you use Qsp and Ksp to predict precipitation?
- What are some applications of knowledge of Ksp?
- How will you separate aqueous solutions of ionic compounds by precipitation reactions and knowledge of Ksp?
- What information is needed to determine the concentrations of reagents used in qualitative analysis or precipitation reactions.
- What are the common solubility rules for predicting precipitations?
- Problems – Predicting if by mixing two solutions there will be a precipitate formed or not.
- Problems – Calculating molar solubility.
- Predicting solubility of certain ionic sparingly soluble salts in ionic solutions containing their own ions.
- Problems – Learning to express the solubility in grams / 100 ml and moles per liter.
- Methods for determining Ksp of sparing soluble salts.
- Commonion Effect – defnition
- How to selectively precipitate using commonion effect
- Application of commonion effect
- More to be added
Topics to be included from Atomic Theory ISU
- Calculations involving energy, wavelength, frequency
- Calculations involving energy released due to de-exication of electrons in hydrogen like atoms, Lyman, Balmer, Paschen etc.
- Quantum numbers, Orbitals, shapes, degeneracy, nodal planes etc.
- Hund’s rule, Pauli’s Exclusion principle, Aufbau Order, Exchange energy, exceptional configurations of atoms.
- Bonding and exceptions for compounds like PCl5, SF6, OF2, O2F2, CH4, CH2=CH2
- Hybridization in C, P, S
- Shapes of molecules